/* Know Steel — industrial editorial system */
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@media(max-width:1050px){.desktop-nav{display:none}.search-link{margin-left:auto;border-left:0}.search-link span{display:inline}.mobile-menu{display:block;font-size:13px}.mobile-menu>summary{padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);list-style:none;min-height:44px}.mobile-menu>summary span{margin-left:8px}.mobile-menu>nav{position:absolute;right:0;top:78px;z-index:20;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:16px;width:290px;max-height:70vh;overflow:auto}.mobile-menu nav>a{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);padding:11px 8px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.mobile-menu .more-menu>summary{padding:11px 8px}.mobile-menu .more-menu>div{position:static;padding:0;border:0}.hero{gap:22px;padding:52px 0}.hero h1{font-size:57px}.hero .intro{font-size:16px}.hero-actions{gap:16px}.hero-actions .text-link{font-size:13px}.topic{padding-right:16px;margin-right:16px}.topic h3{font-size:21px}.editorial-grid{gap:35px}.footer-grid{gap:24px}.calc-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.calc-result{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);min-height:190px;position:relative}.calc-result img{position:absolute;right:15px;top:25px;width:130px}.calc-result p{max-width:65%;margin:10px 0}.result-unit{margin-bottom:8px}.hub-layout{gap:35px}}
@media(max-width:800px){.container{width:calc(100% - 48px)}.masthead .edition{display:none}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:20px}.hero h1{font-size:44px}.hero-art .figure-caption{font-size:8px}.utility-band>a{font-size:16px;padding:20px 16px}.utility-band small{font-size:9px}.topics{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.topic:nth-child(2){border-right:0;margin-right:0}.topic:nth-child(-n+2){border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.topic{padding:25px 24px 20px 0}.topic:nth-child(odd){margin-right:24px}.topic .num{margin-bottom:14px}.editorial-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:25px}.feature-story h3{font-size:26px}.story-row h3{font-size:21px}.glossary-strip{gap:30px}.reading-layout,.page-reference .reading-layout,.page-calculator .reading-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px;padding-top:25px}.toc{position:static;max-width:100%;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:5px 16px}.toc nav ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:20px;padding-bottom:5px}.toc li{margin:0}.toc a{padding:8px 0}.toc .toc-extra{display:none}.toc details>summary{padding:10px 0}.page-heading .lede{font-size:19px}.calc-grid{grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr}.calc-result{border-left:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0}.calc-result img{position:static;width:170px}.calc-result p{max-width:100%}.article-photo{gap:18px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1.3fr 1fr;gap:32px}.footer-bottom{flex-wrap:wrap;row-gap:10px}.hub-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hub-aside{border-left:0;padding-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:30px}.hub-aside img{max-width:400px}.review-grid{gap:22px}}
@media(max-width:560px){body{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.container{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.masthead{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:1.1px}.masthead-inner{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px}.header-main{min-height:77px;gap:15px}.brand{font-size:21px;gap:9px}.brand svg{width:29px}.brand-sub{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:1px}.search-link{padding:11px 0}.search-link span{display:none}.mobile-menu>summary{padding:10px;font-size:12px}.mobile-menu>nav{top:69px;width:100%}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:37px 0 32px;gap:25px}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:18px}.hero h1{font-size:52px;line-height:1.04}.hero .intro{font-size:17px;max-width:340px;margin:20px 0 23px}.hero-actions{gap:17px}.hero-actions .text-link{font-size:12px}.button{font-size:13px;padding:12px 15px;gap:18px}.hero-art{max-width:390px;margin:auto;width:100%}.hero-art img{max-height:255px}.hero-art .figure-caption{margin-top:8px}.utility-band{grid-template-columns:1fr}.utility-band>a{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:17px 20px;font-size:18px}.utility-band>a:last-child{border-bottom:0}.section{padding:40px 0}.section-heading{align-items:start;margin-bottom:24px;gap:12px}.section-heading h2{font-size:30px}.section-heading>.text-link{font-size:11px;white-space:nowrap;margin-top:7px}.eyebrow{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px}.topic h3{font-size:22px}.topic p{font-size:13px}.topic{margin-right:15px!important;padding-right:12px}.topic:nth-child(even){margin-right:0!important}.topic .num{font-size:10px}.editorial-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.feature-story h3{font-size:29px}.story-row h3{font-size:23px}.glossary-strip{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px}.glossary-strip h2{font-size:30px}.term-line{font-size:14px;gap:18px}.breadcrumbs{font-size:10px;padding:20px 0;gap:7px}.page-heading{padding:14px 0 27px}.page-heading h1{font-size:40px;line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.045em}.page-heading .lede{font-size:18px;margin:18px 0 20px}.metadata{font-size:10px;gap:8px 16px}.metadata>span+span{padding-left:0;border:0}.page-heading .eyebrow{font-size:10px}.toc nav ul{display:block}.toc details>summary{font-size:10px}.toc a{font-size:12px;min-height:38px}.prose>h2{font-size:29px;margin-top:35px}.prose>h3{font-size:23px}.prose .callout{padding:18px;font-size:15px}.ad-slot{min-height:64px;margin:25px 0}.table-shell th,.table-shell td{padding:12px}.gauge-toolbar{gap:12px;align-items:end}.gauge-toolbar a{font-size:11px}.gauge-toolbar select{max-width:180px}.gauge-table{max-height:535px}.article-photo{display:block;padding:15px}.article-photo img{max-height:220px;object-fit:cover}.article-photo figcaption{margin-top:14px;font-size:13px}.calc-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.calc-inputs{padding:20px}.calc-inputs .paired{gap:13px}.calc-result{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px;min-height:210px}.calc-result img{position:absolute;width:115px;right:14px;top:26px}.calc-result p{max-width:67%;font-size:11px}.calc-result .result-number{font-size:35px;max-width:65%;letter-spacing:-1.5px}.calc-bar{padding:12px 18px}.calc-bar span{font-size:10px}.calc-bar select{font-size:12px}.formula-box{font-size:14px;padding:20px}.hub-content{padding-top:28px}.directory-list>a{font-size:20px;padding:21px 0;gap:14px}.directory-list small{font-size:13px}.glossary-definitions{grid-template-columns:38px 1fr;gap:15px}.glossary-definitions h2{font-size:27px}.glossary-definitions p{font-size:15px}.related h2{font-size:26px}.site-footer{padding-top:35px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:25px 20px}.footer-grid>div:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}.footer-grid>div:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;column-gap:20px}.footer-grid>div:last-child h2{grid-column:1/-1;margin-bottom:8px}.footer-grid h2{font-size:12px}.footer-grid>div>a:not(.footer-brand){font-size:12px;padding:8px 0}.footer-bottom{font-size:9px;margin-top:25px;display:block}.footer-bottom span,.footer-bottom a{display:block;margin-bottom:8px}.review-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.page-policy h1{font-size:40px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
@media print{.site-header,.masthead,.site-footer,.toc,.ad-slot,.related,.gauge-toolbar{display:none}.container{width:100%}.reading-layout,.page-reference .reading-layout{display:block}.table-shell{overflow:visible;max-height:none}body{background:white;color:black;font-size:11pt}.page-heading h1{font-size:28pt}.table-shell table{min-width:0}.table-shell thead th{position:static;color:black;background:#eee}}

/* QA: minimum touch target for standalone controls. */
.search-link{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0}.faq summary{min-height:44px}

/* Steel Tools: reuse calculator and directory components. */
.tools-groups{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:48px;padding-bottom:48px}.tools-groups h2{font-size:30px}.tools-groups .directory-list>a{font-size:23px}.tool-tag{display:block;font:10px/1.6 var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:8px}.calculator label,.calculator input,.calculator select,.calc-inputs,.calc-result{min-width:0}.calculator select{max-width:100%}.simple-tool .calc-result p{max-width:100%}.tool-results dl{margin:0}.tool-results dt{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:14px}.tool-results dd{margin:0;font-size:26px;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.calc-inputs .tool-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:18px}.simple-tool .calc-result{min-height:290px}.simple-tool .result-number{max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.calc-error{min-height:2em}.tool-results output{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
@media(max-width:800px){.tools-groups{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px}.simple-tool .calc-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.simple-tool .calc-result{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}}
@media(max-width:560px){.tools-groups .directory-list>a{font-size:21px}.calculator .calc-bar{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.calculator .calc-inputs .paired{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.simple-tool .result-number{max-width:100%}}

/* Brand positioning: preserve the editorial palette and responsive hierarchy. */
.brand{white-space:nowrap}.brand-sub{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.35px;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted)}
.hero h1{font-size:clamp(34px,4vw,56px);line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.045em;text-wrap:balance}.hero h1 em{display:block}
@media(min-width:561px) and (max-width:800px){.hero{grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr}.hero h1{font-size:34px}}
@media(max-width:560px){.brand{font-size:18px;gap:7px}.brand svg{width:25px}.brand-sub{font-size:7px;letter-spacing:.2px}.header-main{gap:8px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(32px,9vw,46px);line-height:1.12}}

/* Shared Steel Types disclosure and directory. Native details remains usable without JS. */
.types-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:2px}
.types-hub-link{font-size:13px;font-weight:570;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;padding:12px 0}
.types-menu>summary{list-style:none;display:grid;place-items:center;width:32px;min-height:44px;color:var(--ink)}
.types-menu>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
@media(min-width:1051px){.desktop-nav .types-nav{gap:0}.desktop-nav .types-menu>summary{width:24px}}
.types-menu>summary .types-chevron{display:block;width:16px;height:16px;transform-origin:center}
.types-menu[open]>summary .types-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}
.types-panel{position:absolute;top:calc(100% - 12px);left:0;right:0;z-index:30;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding:24px 28px;box-shadow:0 16px 24px #162f3914;max-height:calc(100dvh - 150px);overflow:auto}
.types-overview{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;padding:0 0 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.types-groups{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:28px;padding-top:22px}
.types-group h2{font:600 12px/1.5 var(--mono);letter-spacing:0;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 10px}
.types-group ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.types-group a{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:14px;line-height:1.4;min-height:44px;padding:12px 8px;text-decoration:none}
.types-group a:hover,.types-group a[aria-current=page]{background:#e7eef0;color:var(--blue)}
.types-nav.is-current>.types-hub-link,.desktop-nav>a[aria-current],.desktop-nav>a.is-current,.mobile-menu nav>a[aria-current],.mobile-menu nav>a.is-current{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:7px}
.steel-types-directory{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px 60px;margin-top:40px}
.steel-type-section h2{font-size:28px;margin-bottom:15px}.steel-type-section>p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}
.steel-type-topics{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr))}
@media(max-width:1190px){.types-hub-link{font-size:12px}}
@media(max-width:1050px){
 .mobile-menu>nav{width:min(420px,100%);max-height:calc(100dvh - 145px);overscroll-behavior:contain}
 .types-nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 44px;gap:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
 .types-hub-link{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;padding:12px 8px;font-size:13px;min-height:44px}
 .types-menu{display:contents}.types-menu>summary{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;width:44px}
 .types-panel{position:static;grid-column:1/-1;border:0;box-shadow:none;padding:0 0 12px 12px;max-height:none;overflow:visible}
 .types-menu:not([open])>.types-panel{display:none}
 .types-groups{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px;padding-top:15px}
 .types-overview{font-size:12px;padding:12px 8px}.types-group h2{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:4px}
}
@media(max-width:600px){.steel-types-directory{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.steel-type-topics{grid-template-columns:1fr}.steel-type-topics .topic{border-right:0;margin-right:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.steel-type-topics .topic:last-child{border-bottom:0}}

/* Language controls share the header across desktop and mobile. */
.language-switcher{position:relative;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:.8rem;max-width:11rem}
.language-switcher summary{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:.55rem .35rem}
.language-switcher summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.language-switcher summary>span[aria-hidden]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 1rem;width:1rem;height:1rem;font-size:0}
.language-switcher summary>span[aria-hidden]::after{content:"";width:6px;height:6px;border-right:1.5px solid currentColor;border-bottom:1.5px solid currentColor;transform:translateY(-2px) rotate(45deg)}
.language-switcher img{display:inline-block;width:24px;height:16px;object-fit:cover;flex-shrink:0;border:1px solid #d9e0e3}
.language-switcher nav{position:absolute;inset-inline-end:0;top:100%;z-index:60;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d9e0e3;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #172c3620;min-width:11rem;padding:.4rem}
.language-switcher nav a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;padding:.55rem;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none}
@media(hover:hover){.language-switcher nav a:not([aria-current]):hover{background:#f5f6f4}}
.language-switcher a[aria-current]{background:#edf3f5;font-weight:700}
.language-switcher a:focus-visible,.language-switcher summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #305e73;outline-offset:2px}
html[dir=rtl] body{text-align:right}
html[dir=rtl] .breadcrumbs,html[dir=rtl] .metadata{direction:rtl}
html[dir=rtl] input[type=number],html[dir=rtl] output,html[dir=rtl] .result-unit,html[dir=rtl] code,html[dir=rtl] .value-in{direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate}
html[dir=rtl] .prose ul,html[dir=rtl] .prose ol{padding-left:0;padding-right:1.5rem}
html[dir=rtl] th,html[dir=rtl] td{text-align:start}
html[dir=rtl] .types-panel{right:auto;left:0}
@media(max-width:1200px){.header-main{gap:.7rem}.language-switcher{font-size:.75rem}}
@media(max-width:560px){.header-main{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem .7rem}.language-switcher{margin-inline-start:auto}.language-switcher summary{padding:.35rem}.language-switcher nav{max-height:70vh;overflow:auto}.brand{min-width:0}.brand-sub{font-size:.62rem}.search-link{margin-inline-start:auto}}

/* Arabic glyphs must remain joined; use logical alignment for the local edition. */
html[dir=rtl] .eyebrow,html[dir=rtl] .metadata,html[dir=rtl] .brand-sub,html[dir=rtl] .masthead,html[dir=rtl] h1,html[dir=rtl] h2,html[dir=rtl] h3{letter-spacing:normal}
html[dir=rtl] .search-link{margin-left:0;margin-inline-start:auto;border-left:0}
html[dir=rtl] .calc-result{text-align:start}
html[dir=rtl] .language-switcher nav a{direction:ltr;justify-content:flex-start}
html[dir=rtl] .prose bdi{unicode-bidi:isolate}

/* Long localized headings must fit narrow screens without clipping. */
.page-heading h1{overflow-wrap:anywhere;hyphens:auto}
/* Arabic needs connected glyphs and readable auxiliary type, not a Latin mono face. */
html[dir=rtl] .masthead,html[dir=rtl] .brand-sub,html[dir=rtl] .figure-caption,html[dir=rtl] .metadata,html[dir=rtl] .eyebrow,html[dir=rtl] .toc summary,html[dir=rtl] .table-shell caption,html[dir=rtl] .table-hint,html[dir=rtl] .callout>strong,html[dir=rtl] .calc-bar span,html[dir=rtl] .related-links span{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;letter-spacing:normal;font-size:12px}

/* Shared editorial cards: SVG display, PNG social fallback, no cropped diagrams. */
.article-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper)}
.article-card:hover{border-color:var(--blue);background:var(--soft);text-decoration:none}
.article-card:hover h3{text-decoration:underline}
.article-card:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:4px}
.article-card__media{display:block;background:#f7f7f2;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.article-card .feature-image{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1200/630;object-fit:contain;filter:none}
.article-card__body{position:relative;padding:22px;padding-inline-end:42px;min-width:0}
.article-card h3{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:23px;line-height:1.24;letter-spacing:-.025em;overflow-wrap:anywhere;hyphens:auto}
.article-card p{margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted)}
.article-card__arrow{position:absolute;inset-inline-end:17px;bottom:20px;font-size:20px;color:var(--blue)}
[dir="rtl"] .article-card__arrow{transform:scaleX(-1)}
.article-card--feature h3{font-size:29px}
.article-card--text{border:0;background:transparent}
.article-card--text .article-card__body{padding:0;padding-inline-end:30px}
.article-card--text .article-card__arrow{inset-inline-end:0;bottom:0}
.editorial-grid{align-items:start;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.05fr) minmax(0,1fr)}
.guide-directory{display:grid;gap:48px;padding-bottom:32px}
.guide-directory>section{min-width:0}
.guide-card-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;align-items:start}
.guide-card-grid--single{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
.guide-card-grid--single .article-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.35fr);align-items:center}
.guide-card-grid--single .article-card__media{border-bottom:0;border-inline-end:1px solid var(--line)}
.reference-card-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));column-gap:32px;align-items:start}
.steel-types-directory{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px}
.steel-type-section{min-width:0}
.type-card-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px;align-items:start}
.article-card--compact .feature-image{height:156px;aspect-ratio:auto}
.article-card--compact .article-card__body{padding-block:18px}
.article-card--compact h3{font-size:22px}
@media(max-width:1100px){.guide-card-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.guide-card-grid--single{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}
@media(max-width:700px){.editorial-grid,.guide-card-grid,.type-card-grid,.reference-card-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.guide-card-grid--single .article-card{display:flex}.guide-card-grid--single .article-card__media{border-inline-end:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-card--feature h3{font-size:26px}.article-card__body{padding:19px;padding-inline-end:38px}.guide-directory{gap:36px}.article-card--compact .feature-image{height:146px}}

/* Keep the mobile masthead on one row, including long translated labels. */
@media(max-width:1050px){
  .header-main{flex-wrap:nowrap}
  .mobile-menu>summary{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;white-space:nowrap}
  .mobile-menu>summary span{margin:0}
  .mobile-menu>nav{top:100%;inset-inline-end:0;max-height:calc(100dvh - 130px)}
}
@media(max-width:700px){
  .header-main{gap:6px;min-height:72px}
  .header-main .brand{flex:1 1 auto;font-size:19px;gap:7px}
  .header-main .brand>svg{width:29px;flex:none}
  .header-main .brand-sub{display:none}
  .header-main .search-link,.header-main .language-switcher,.header-main .mobile-menu{flex:0 0 auto;margin:0}
  .header-main .search-link{width:44px;height:44px;justify-content:center;padding:0;border:0}
  .header-main .search-link>span{display:none}
  .header-main .language-switcher>summary{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;padding:8px;justify-content:center}
  .header-main .language-switcher>summary>span{display:none}
  .header-main .mobile-menu>summary{width:44px;height:44px;min-height:44px;padding:0;font-size:21px}
  .header-main .mobile-menu-label{display:none}
  .header-main .mobile-menu>nav{width:100%;max-height:calc(100dvh - 110px)}
}

/* Equal-height cards within each grid row; retain complete text at every width. */
.guide-card-grid,.type-card-grid{align-items:stretch}
.guide-card-grid>.article-card,.type-card-grid>.article-card{height:100%}
.guide-card-grid>.article-card>.article-card__body,.type-card-grid>.article-card>.article-card__body{flex:1}

/* Text-only editorial links: highlight the label, keeping the open row layout. */
.article-card--text:hover,.article-card--text:focus-visible{background:transparent;text-decoration:none}
.article-card--text:is(:hover,:focus-visible) h3{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.2em}
.article-card--text:is(:hover,:focus-visible) .article-card__arrow{color:var(--accent)}

/* Tool hub: grouped image cards use each localized tool's own metadata. */
.tools-groups{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
.tools-groups>section{min-width:0}
.tool-card-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px;margin-top:24px;align-items:stretch}
.tool-card-grid>.article-card>.article-card__body{flex:1}
@media(max-width:700px){.tool-card-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px}}

/* Additional steel section and processing tools. */
.new-tool [hidden]{display:none!important}.new-tool input[readonly]{background:#edf0ed;color:#425861}.new-tool fieldset{min-width:0;border:1px solid var(--line,#c4cecb);padding:1rem}.new-tool legend{font-weight:700}.slit-group{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,.7fr);gap:.7rem;padding-block:.8rem;border-bottom:1px solid #c4cecb}.slit-group button{grid-column:1/-1;justify-self:start}.new-tool button:not(.button){padding:.6rem .8rem;cursor:pointer}.slit-visual-scroll{overflow-x:auto;padding:1rem;max-width:100%}#slit-layout{display:flex;min-width:600px;height:100px;background:#f7f7f2;border:1px solid #305e73}.slit-segment{flex-basis:0;min-width:0;overflow:hidden;border-inline-end:1px solid #f7f7f2;padding-block:1rem;font-size:.85rem;text-align:center;color:#122d39;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.slit-color-0{background:#cadce0}.slit-color-1{background:#ead2bf}.slit-color-2{background:#bacfc4}.slit-color-3{background:#e1dfc8}.slit-color-trim{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#a94b26,#a94b26 3px,#f0c8b7 3px,#f0c8b7 7px)}.slit-color-remaining{background:#e5eae5}.new-tool .table-scroll{overflow:auto;margin:1rem;max-width:calc(100% - 2rem)}.new-tool table{width:100%;min-width:530px}.new-tool input,.new-tool select{max-width:100%;min-width:0}.schedule-lookup{padding:1.25rem;border:1px solid #c4cecb;margin-block:1rem}.schedule-lookup select{display:block;width:100%;padding:.65rem}.new-tool output,.new-tool [data-result-unit],#pipe-lookup-result{unicode-bidi:plaintext}.new-tool .calc-inputs>label{display:block;margin-block:.75rem}.new-tool .calc-inputs>label input,.new-tool .calc-inputs>label select{display:block;width:100%}

/* Homepage summaries retain the shared editorial card styles. */
.home-summary__body{min-width:0}
.home-summary__more{margin-top:22px}
[dir="rtl"] .home-summary__more span{display:inline-block;transform:scaleX(-1)}

.new-tool dd{direction:ltr}.new-tool .calc-bar>label{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.65rem}.new-tool .calc-result{justify-content:flex-start}

.slit-segment{box-sizing:border-box;border:0;box-shadow:inset -1px 0 #f7f7f2}

/* Upward-scroll navigation; the slot preserves the original header space. */
.site-header.header-scroll-fixed{
 position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto;z-index:80;
 transform:translateY(-100%);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;
 transition:transform .22s ease,opacity .22s ease;
}
.site-header.header-scroll-fixed.header-scroll-visible{
 transform:translateY(0);opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;
 box-shadow:0 6px 20px #172c3614;
}
@media print{
 .header-scroll-slot{height:auto!important}
 .site-header.header-scroll-fixed{position:static;transform:none;opacity:1;box-shadow:none}
}

/* Editorial content hubs: compact topics, limited features, paginated lists. */
.topic-card:hover,.compact-article:hover{text-decoration:none}
.topic-card:hover h3,.compact-article:hover h3{text-decoration:underline}
.content-hub{padding-bottom:64px}.hub-heading{max-width:980px}.hub-heading .hub-count{font-size:.875rem;color:var(--muted,#53636b);margin-top:20px}.hub-heading__page{font-size:.65em;font-weight:500}
.topic-navigation,.hub-featured{margin:0 0 48px}.content-hub h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:20px}.topic-navigation__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(260px,100%),1fr));gap:14px}
.topic-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:8px 18px;padding:22px;border:1px solid #cbd5da;background:#f5f7f7;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.topic-card h3{font-size:1.05rem;margin:0;grid-column:1/-1}.topic-card p{grid-column:1/-1;margin:0;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.6;color:#52626c}.topic-card__count{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;color:#305e73}.topic-card:hover{border-color:#305e73;background:#edf2f4}
.compact-articles{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;border-top:2px solid #305e73}.compact-articles>li{margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid #cbd5da}.compact-article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:28px;align-items:start;padding:24px 8px;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.compact-article:hover{background:#f3f6f7}.compact-article__meta{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;font-size:.76rem;line-height:1.6;color:#305e73;font-weight:700}.compact-article h3{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.45;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.compact-article p{margin:0;color:#52626c;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.65}.compact-article__link{font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;color:#305e73;white-space:nowrap;align-self:center}.compact-article:focus-visible,.topic-card:focus-visible,.pagination a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #b17632;outline-offset:4px}
.pagination{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:32px;font-size:.85rem}.pagination__previous{justify-self:start}.pagination__next{justify-self:end}.pagination a,.pagination__current{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;padding:8px 12px;border:1px solid #cbd5da;color:#305e73;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;gap:6px}.pagination a:hover{background:#edf2f4;border-color:#305e73}.pagination__numbers{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}.pagination__current{background:#305e73;border-color:#305e73;color:#fff}.pagination__gap{padding:0 4px}.pagination__position{display:none;text-align:center;font-size:.8rem}.pagination__arrow{display:inline-block}[dir=rtl] .pagination__arrow{transform:scaleX(-1)}
@media(max-width:900px){.compact-article{grid-template-columns:130px minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px}.compact-article__link{grid-column:2}.pagination{gap:8px}.pagination__numbers{gap:3px}.pagination a,.pagination__current{padding:8px}}
@media(max-width:640px){.topic-navigation,.hub-featured{margin-bottom:32px}.compact-article{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;padding:20px 0}.compact-article__meta{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 16px}.compact-article__link{grid-column:1}.pagination__numbers{display:none}.pagination__position{display:block}.pagination a{font-size:.75rem;padding:8px 6px}.pagination{gap:5px}.content-hub{padding-bottom:40px}}

/* Topic icons and breathing room below the hub divider. */
.content-hub .topic-navigation{padding-block-start:32px}
.topic-card h3{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;line-height:1.35}
.topic-card__icon{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 44px;width:44px;height:44px;background:#e6eef1;color:#305e73}
.topic-card__icon svg{display:block;width:30px;height:30px}
@media(max-width:640px){.content-hub .topic-navigation{padding-block-start:24px}.topic-card h3{gap:12px}.topic-card__icon{flex-basis:40px;width:40px;height:40px}}

/* Image viewing stays within the article; native dialog contains keyboard focus. */
.article-image{display:block}
.image-viewer-trigger{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;cursor:zoom-in;border-radius:0}
.image-viewer-trigger:hover{background:transparent}
.image-viewer-trigger:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #b17632;outline-offset:4px}
.image-viewer-open{overflow:hidden}
.image-viewer{box-sizing:border-box;width:94vw;max-width:1600px;height:92vh;height:92dvh;max-height:92dvh;margin:auto;padding:0;border:1px solid #bacbd0;border-radius:12px;background:#f7f7f2;color:#203f4b;overflow:hidden}
.image-viewer::backdrop{background:rgb(15 31 40 / .78)}
.image-viewer[open]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.image-viewer__bar{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:12px;flex-shrink:0;padding:12px;border-bottom:1px solid #d9e2e0;background:white}
.image-viewer__bar button{font:inherit;min-height:44px;padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid #305e73;border-radius:6px;background:white;color:#203f4b;cursor:pointer}
.image-viewer__bar button:hover{background:#e5efed}
.image-viewer__bar button:focus-visible,.image-viewer__viewport:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #b17632;outline-offset:-3px}
.image-viewer__viewport{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:1;min-height:0;overflow:auto;padding:16px;overscroll-behavior:contain;direction:ltr}
.image-viewer__viewport img{display:block;flex:none;width:auto;height:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain;margin:0}
.image-viewer.is-zoomed .image-viewer__viewport{display:block}
.image-viewer.is-zoomed img{max-width:none;max-height:none;margin:0 auto}
@media(max-width:560px){.image-viewer{width:96vw;height:94vh;height:94dvh;max-height:94dvh}.image-viewer__viewport{padding:8px}.image-viewer__bar{gap:8px;padding:8px}.image-viewer__bar button{padding:8px 12px}}

/* Coil calculator: visible modes, isolated from the other tools. */
.coil-calculator [hidden]{display:none!important}
.coil-mode-picker{padding:16px 22px 0}.coil-mode-picker>span{display:block;font-size:13px;font-weight:650;margin-bottom:8px}
.coil-tabs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px;scroll-margin-top:15px}
.coil-tabs button{font:600 14px/1.35 var(--sans,system-ui);padding:12px 8px;min-height:48px;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #8b9da3;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink)}
.coil-tabs button[aria-selected=true]{background:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink);color:white;box-shadow:inset 0 -4px var(--accent)}
.coil-tabs button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px}
.coil-mode-intro{padding:15px 22px 0;min-height:100px}.coil-mode-intro p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 8px}.coil-mode-intro .coil-mode-title{font-size:20px;font-weight:650;margin:0 0 5px}
.coil-fields{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 16px}
.coil-calculator .calc-inputs{padding-top:15px}.coil-calculator .tool-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 14px}
.coil-calculator .calc-result{justify-content:flex-start;border-inline-start:1px solid var(--line);border-left:0}
.coil-calculator .result-number{max-width:100%;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,42px);letter-spacing:-1px}
.coil-calculator .result-unit{direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate}.coil-calculator .calc-result p{max-width:100%;font-size:13px}
.coil-calculator input[aria-invalid=true]{border-color:#8e2d16;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #8e2d16}
#coil-tool{scroll-margin-top:16px}
body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .page-heading{padding-block:8px 16px}
body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .page-heading .metadata{margin-top:20px}
body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .prose>.calculator{margin-top:0}
@media(max-width:1050px) and (min-width:801px){.coil-calculator .calc-result{border-inline-start:0}}
@media(max-width:800px){body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .toc{order:2}body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .prose{order:1}}
@media(max-width:560px){
 .coil-mode-picker{padding:12px 14px 0}.coil-tabs{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:7px}.coil-tabs button{font-size:14px;padding:10px 7px}
 .coil-mode-intro{padding:12px 14px 0;min-height:120px}.coil-mode-intro .coil-mode-title{font-size:19px}.coil-mode-intro p{font-size:13px}
 .coil-fields{gap:0 12px}.coil-calculator .calc-inputs{padding:14px}.coil-calculator .calc-result{position:static;min-height:200px;padding:18px;border-inline-start:0}
 .coil-calculator .result-number{font-size:32px}.coil-calculator .calc-bar{padding:10px 14px}.coil-calculator .calc-bar>span{display:none}.coil-calculator .calc-bar>label{width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px}.coil-calculator #units{min-height:44px}
 body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .breadcrumbs{padding-block:10px;font-size:10px}
 body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .page-heading .eyebrow,body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .page-heading .metadata{display:none}
 body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .page-heading h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.15}
}

/* Match hash-selected fields before the module loads to avoid initial layout shifts. */
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#weight:target) [data-modes],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#weight:target) [data-mode-content]{display:none!important}
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#weight:target) [data-modes~="weight"],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#weight:target) [data-mode-content="weight"]{display:block!important}
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#length:target) [data-modes],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#length:target) [data-mode-content]{display:none!important}
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#length:target) [data-modes~="length"],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#length:target) [data-mode-content="length"]{display:block!important}
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#outside-diameter:target) [data-modes],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#outside-diameter:target) [data-mode-content]{display:none!important}
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#outside-diameter:target) [data-modes~="outside-diameter"],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#outside-diameter:target) [data-mode-content="outside-diameter"]{display:block!important}
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#piw:target) [data-modes],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#piw:target) [data-mode-content]{display:none!important}
#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#piw:target) [data-modes~="piw"],#coil-form:not([data-ready]):has(#piw:target) [data-mode-content="piw"]{display:block!important}

/* Restore the title summary and a distinct tool heading without duplicate intro text. */
body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .prose>h2:first-child{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:16px}
.coil-mode-picker{padding-bottom:16px}
@media(max-width:560px){
 body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .page-heading .lede{font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;margin:12px 0 0}
 body.page-calculator:has(#coil-tool) .prose>h2:first-child{font-size:24px;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:12px}
 .coil-mode-picker{padding-bottom:14px}
}

/* Homepage: latest Knowledge and Guides, with compact article thumbnails. */
.home-latest__columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:48px}
.home-latest__column{min-width:0}
.home-latest__heading{padding-bottom:22px;border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink)}
.home-latest__heading h2{font-size:30px}
.home-latest__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.home-latest__list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.home-latest__article{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:18px;padding:24px 0;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}
.home-latest__article img{flex:0 0 112px;width:112px;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1200/630;object-fit:contain;display:block;background:var(--soft);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.home-latest__text{min-width:0;flex:1}
.home-latest__text h3{font-size:21px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.025em;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.home-latest__text p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin:9px 0;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}
.home-latest__date{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}
.home-latest__date time{display:inline-block;direction:ltr}
.home-latest__article:hover{text-decoration:none}
.home-latest__article:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.home-latest__more{margin-top:22px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px}
[dir="rtl"] .home-latest__more span{transform:scaleX(-1)}
@media(max-width:900px){.home-latest__columns{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:38px}}
@media(max-width:560px){.home-latest__article{gap:14px;padding:20px 0}.home-latest__article img{flex-basis:84px;width:84px;height:auto}.home-latest__text h3{font-size:18px}.home-latest__heading h2{font-size:27px}}

/* Share each title, summary and date row across both desktop columns. */
@media(min-width:901px){
 .home-latest__columns{grid-template-rows:auto repeat(9,auto) auto;row-gap:0}
 .home-latest__column{display:grid;grid-template-rows:subgrid;grid-row:span 11;row-gap:0}
 .home-latest__list{display:grid;grid-template-rows:subgrid;grid-row:2 / span 9;row-gap:0}
 .home-latest__list li{display:grid;grid-template-rows:subgrid;grid-row:span 3;padding:24px 0;row-gap:0}
 .home-latest__article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:112px minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-rows:subgrid;grid-row:span 3;padding:0;column-gap:18px;row-gap:0;align-items:start}
 .home-latest__article img{grid-column:1;grid-row:1 / span 3}
 .home-latest__text{display:grid;grid-template-rows:subgrid;grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / span 3;row-gap:0}
 .home-latest__more{grid-row:11;align-self:start;justify-self:start}
}

/* Gauge result heading: selection and material context. */
#gauge-converter .gauge-result-heading{margin:0 0 8px}
#gauge-converter #gauge-result-title{font-size:20px;line-height:1.35;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
#gauge-converter .gauge-result-context{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;margin:7px 0 0;max-width:100%;color:var(--muted)}